Preventive Analysis of Anemia Developing Under the Influence of Environmental Factors (Case Study: The Aral Sea Region)

Abstract

The desiccation of the Aral Sea and the prolonged impact of the resulting ecological crisis have created adverse conditions for the health of the population in the Aral Sea region. One of the most widespread consequences of this environmental degradation is irondeficiency anemia, particularly among women of reproductive age, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children. Iron deficiency diminishes the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, leads to tissue hypoxia, reduces physical and mental performance, and increases the risk of pregnancy complications as well as delays in physical and cognitive development in children. An analysis of epidemiological data (2020–2023) reveals that the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant women in the Aral Sea region reaches 45–50%, while among children under the age of five, it stands at 35–40%. These figures underscore the close correlation between environmental degradation and disturbances in trace element metabolism within the body. Under these conditions, anemia prevention must be approached as a comprehensive strategy encompassing improvements in drinking water quality and nutrition, the fortification of food products with iron and other trace elements, and the enhancement of public health and hygiene awareness among the population. The implementation of these measures will serve to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve the overall health status of the residents of the Aral Sea region.