Eurasian Research Bulletin (ERB) is an Open Access, Peer Reviewed, International, Refereed, Scientific Journal that publishes original research and review articles related to diverse research in multidisciplinary areas. The main objective of Eurasian Research Bulletin (ERB) is to offer an intellectual platform to the international scholars and it aims to promote interdisciplinary studies. All manuscripts must be prepared in English language and subject to a rigorous peer-review process. The scope of the journal is not limited to Biological Sciences (BIO) Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE) Education and Human Resources (EHR) Engineering (ENG) Environmental Research and Education (ERE) Geosciences (GEO) Integrative Activities (OIA) International Science and Engineering (OISE) Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) Social, Behavioural and Economic Sciences (SBE) Entrepreneurship and Innovations (EI) Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Robotics and Automation (RA) ISSN (E): 2795-7675 Journal Impact Factor: 7.995
Improving The Methodology Of Teaching Classical Still Life And Portrait Painting In Higher Education
This article analyzes the urgent issues of improving the methodology of teaching classical still life and portrait painting in the fine arts faculties of higher education institutions from a scientific-pedagogical perspective. The author proposes methodological recommendations for integrating the traditional academic education system with the demands of the digital age, as well as for fostering spatial thinking, constructive analysis, and painterly perception in students. The article substantiates the importance of deeply studying the fundamental principles of the classical drawing and painting school - specifically anatomy, perspective, and color theory - as well as the utilization of short-term sketches and innovative pedagogical technologies in the practical process.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Modern Literary Norms Of The Russian Language And The Linguistic Transformation Of Speech Culture In Mass Media
Modern Literary Norms Of The Russian Language Are Undergoing Active Transformation Driven By The Digitalization Of Society And The Rapid Development Of Mass Media. In The Context Of Global Communication And The Widespread Proliferation Of Online Media, Traditional Linguistic Standards Are Shifting Noticeably—A Trend Reflected In The Vocabulary, Syntax, And Stylistic Features Of Media Texts. This Study Aims To Analyze The Linguistic Changes Occurring In The Speech Culture Of Contemporary Mass Media And To Identify The Factors Influencing The Modification Of Literary Norms.
The Linguistic Characteristics Of Legal Terminology In Legal Communication
This article examines the fundamental principles, sources, and contemporary developments of International Law and highlights the significance of Legal English as an essential tool for international legal communication. The study analyzes the role of international legal norms in regulating relations among states, international organizations, and other subjects of international law. Particular attention is given to the importance of Legal English in drafting treaties, interpreting legal documents, conducting international negotiations, and resolving transnational disputes. The article also explores the linguistic characteristics of legal terminology, the challenges of legal translation, and the growing demand for Legal English proficiency in the global legal environment
Formation Of Artistic-Aesthetic Education In Students On The Basis Of The Heritage Of Sculpture Of The Kushon Period
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of forming artistic and aesthetic education in the process of teaching students the heritage of sculpture. The issues of developing students’ aesthetic taste, artistic thinking, creative abilities, and respect for national values through teaching national and world sculpture traditions are discussed. Also, effective methods of teaching based on the analysis of sculptural works, practical exercises and museum pedagogy are shown.
The Role Of Loanwords In The Modern Russian Language
This Article Examines The Role Of Loanwords In The Modern Russian Language, Their Impact On The Development Of The Lexical System, And Their Functional Characteristics Across Various Spheres Of Communication. It Analyzes The Primary Sources Of Loanwords, The Reasons For Their Emergence, And The Positive And Negative Aspects Of The Linguistic Borrowing Process. Particular Attention Is Paid To The Influence Of Globalization, Information Technology, And Intercultural Communication On The Active Expansion Of The Russian Lexicon Through Foreign Words. The Article Concludes That Loanwords Are A Significant Factor In Linguistic Development And Reflect Socio-Cultural Changes Within Society
Radiological Contamination: A Modern Overview
Radiological contamination of the environment remains one of the most pressing contemporary challenges, arising from both natural sources of ionizing radiation and anthropogenic activities. This comprehensive review presents a systematic analysis of current scientific data on the sources of radioactive contamination, mechanisms of biological impact on the human body, epidemiology of radiation-induced diseases, and contemporary approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of radiation injuries. Based on authoritative international sources — including epidemiological studies of the Japanese atomic bombings, the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, as well as long-term observations of occupational and medical exposed cohorts — the review examines current concepts of stochastic and deterministic effects of ionizing radiation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the radiation situation in the Russian Federation in 2024, including the structure of radiation accidents, the problem of unauthorized circulation of radioactive sources, and contamination of food products. The article is intended for specialists in radiation hygiene, ecology, disaster medicine, and for a broader audience interested in radiation safety issues
Teacher's Skills In Using New Pedagogical Technologies In The Lesson Process
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the basic organizational methods of the educational process, the necessary activities that the teacher must perform in the lesson, and the necessary information on how to prepare for the lesson.
The use of pedagogical technologies in teaching technology
This article discusses the use of interactive methods in educating students, not limited to traditional teaching methods, but to increase the quality of teaching and achieve high efficiency. For this, teachers must have the skills to use pedagogical technologies in their lessons, live and thereby express their identity in society, that is, mature as a person. At the current stage of education, the goal is to teach technology using pedagogical technologies.
Yusufkhodjayeva Firdovuskhon Mukhtorovna
Pedagogical Mechanisms Of Career Guidance For Students
This scientific article systematically and consistently covers the theoretical foundations, content and essence of vocational guidance of students, as well as pedagogical mechanisms for its effective organization. It also substantiates the role of diagnostic, motivational, information-educational, activity-orienting and reflexive mechanisms in identifying students' professional interests and abilities, and guiding them to a conscious choice of profession. The issues of increasing the effectiveness of vocational guidance based on a competency-based approach and innovative and digital technologies in the modern education system are also analyzed.
Kochkarova Shahzodabegim Makhamadjon qizi
The Development Of 20th-Century Japanese Literature: Modernism, War Experience, And Postmodern Transformations
The twentieth century occupies a special place in the history of Japanese literature. This period was characterized by significant political, social, and cultural transformations that influenced literary development. The modernization process, Western cultural influence, World War II, and postwar reconstruction shaped new literary trends and artistic expressions. Japanese writers combined traditional aesthetic values with modern literary techniques, creating works of international significance. Authors such as Natsume Sōseki, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukio Mishima, and Kenzaburō Ōe contributed greatly to the evolution of Japanese literature and its recognition worldwide. This article examines the major stages of twentieth-century Japanese literary development, highlighting the influence of modernism, war experiences, and postmodern tendencies on literary creativity
Ball Burnishing For The Formation Of A Regular Helical Relief On LoadBearing Surfaces Of Transport Machine Components
The process of external ball burnishing for the formation of a regular helical relief on the load-bearing surfaces of transport machine components is considered. Based on Hertzian contact theory, the conditions for plastic deformation of the surface layer are established, and estimates of strengthening are provided. The formation of compressive residual stresses in steel 20 is confirmed, ensuring an increase in the fatigue strength of the components.
Modern Model Of Sports Management In Higher Educational Institutions
This study explores the development of a modern management model for sports activities in higher education institutions in the context of contemporary educational reforms and global trends in sports management. The increasing importance of student health, physical activity, and institutional competitiveness has necessitated the modernization of sports management systems within universities. The research analyzes theoretical foundations of sports management, identifies key organizational, pedagogical, and technological factors influencing the effectiveness of sports activities, and proposes a comprehensive management model integrating digital technologies, strategic planning, and competency-based approaches. The findings indicate that the implementation of an innovative sports management model significantly improves student participation, enhances organizational efficiency, and contributes to the development of sustainable sports ecosystems in higher education institutions
Analysis of the services provided by the employees of the organization of digitalization of the services of the employees
The article summarizes the country's long-term progress in improving tax administration in the tax sphere, emphasizes the role and importance of the interregional tax inspectorate in improving large-scale reforms aimed at further strengthening the trust of business circles. Some important reforms implemented in the tax system of Uzbekistan have been studied, scientific and practical conclusions and proposals have been developed based on foreign experience and its application in our country.
Risk in the economic system and its characteristics
This article examines the methodological foundations of tax risk assessment and management in the tax system. The issues of improving tax administration in the digital economy and analyzing taxpayers' activities based on a risk-oriented approach are discussed. The article considers the criteria for identifying tax risks and models for their quantitative assessment, and puts forward proposals to improve the effectiveness of risk management in the tax system of Uzbekistan.
Personalized Management Of Gastric Cancer In The Era Of Molecular Profiling
This article presents a pragmatic, biomarker-centered framework for tailoring gastric cancer management in an era where molecular profiling increasingly drives everyday clinical decisions. Although stage and histopathology still define the baseline strategy, treatment selection in real practice now depends on a small group of predictive markers that inform perioperative choices, first-line therapy for metastatic disease, and the sequencing of later lines. The review concentrates on biomarkers with immediate clinical utility that routinely shape care: HER2 status, PD-L1 combined positive score, mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability, and CLDN18.2 expression. It synthesizes the evidence behind key treatment “pivot points,” including perioperative FLOT in resectable disease, integration of PD-1 blockade with chemotherapy for HER2-negative metastatic tumors with PD-L1 CPS guiding expectations of benefit, incorporation of pembrolizumab into trastuzumab-plus-chemotherapy backbones for HER2-positive disease, use of trastuzumab deruxtecan after failure of trastuzumab-based regimens, and first-line zolbetuximab-based combinations for CLDN18.2-positive cancers. An actionable testing-and-treatment pathway is proposed, alongside real-world challenges that can undermine implementation, such as assay-to-assay variability, intratumoral heterogeneity, and the clinical value of re-evaluation at progression in selected patients. The central conclusion is straightforward: molecular profiling has moved beyond an academic exercise and now functions as the main control mechanism guiding modern gastric cancer therapy.
Development Of Artificial Intelligence, Social Applications And The Strategic Role Of The Teacher In Education: Uzbekistan's Experience, Risks And Management Models
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific debates surrounding the rapid development of artificial intelligence, its penetration into various spheres of society, the stages of the formation of artificial intelligence policy in Uzbekistan, institutional and infrastructural changes, and the possibility of artificial intelligence systems moving beyond human control in the long term. The main idea of the study is that the true value of artificial intelligence is not in its technical power, but in how it is managed in interaction with society, the state, and the education system. In this context, the article discusses the practical results of using artificial intelligence in healthcare, agriculture, public administration, finance, industry, and education, as well as negative consequences such as misinformation, algorithmic bias, shifts in the labor market, threats to privacy, cybersecurity, pedagogical dependence, and the weakening of human agency. In the case of Uzbekistan, the “Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies until 2030” adopted in 2024, priority projects for 2025–2026, supercomputer and data infrastructure, the new legal environment formed in 2026, and the activity of the private sector are revealed based on modern sources. In the education section, the teacher is interpreted not as a replaceable subject of artificial intelligence, but as a strategic figure who sorts content, sets moral criteria, provides metacognitive guidance, and organizes real learning. The research was conducted using documentaryanalytical, comparative, and scenario-based methods. The results show that the benefits of artificial intelligence do not arise automatically, but only when combined with humancentered management, strong pedagogical leadership, responsible regulation, and local scientific potential.
The Role Of Digital Transformation In Improving Innovation Management Mechanisms In School Educational Institutions
This article theoretically analyzes the role of digital transformation in improving innovative management mechanisms in preschool educational institutions. The study studies the content and interrelationship of the concepts of "digital transformation", "innovative management" and "digital competence". The theoretical foundations of automating administrative processes in the preschool education system, using information-based systems in decision-making, and ensuring effective communication with parents are identified. Various scientific approaches - systemic theory, theory of diffusion of innovations, TPAK model and the concept of digital competence - are compared and analyzed. As a result, four main functional areas of digital transformation in the management of preschool educational institutions are formed: administrative, economic, socio-communicative and information-analytical. Also, obstacles to the implementation of digital transformation and ways to overcome them are identified. The theoretical results achieved in the article made it possible to identify new areas of scientific research on the modernization of preschool education management
Current Status Of ScientificMethodical Support For The Development Of Information And Communicative Competence Of Future Engineers And Ways To Improve It
This in the article future engineers informational and communicative competence develop process provider scientific and methodological of supply current status analysis Modern digital education in the environment engineering education efficiency in increasing informational and communicative competencies important factor is considered. In the study engineering in education being used methodical approaches, educational-methodical materials, electronics education resources and pedagogical technologies analysis Also, scientific and methodological supply improvement main directions , digital education from the means use opportunities and education to the process innovative methods current to grow issues illuminated . Research results future engineers informational and communicative competence develop process effective organization to reach service does.
Analysis of the activities of the Interregional Tax Inspectorate for Large Taxpayers in improving tax administration in Uzbekistan and solutions
This article analyzes the priority areas of improving tax administration in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, the issues of digitization of the tax system, implementation of international standards (OECD) and optimization of tax control. During the study, specific solutions were proposed to reduce the human factor in selecting candidates for tax audits, accelerate analytical processes using "Big Data" technologies, and expand the tax base in the field of e-commerce. It also covers mechanisms for reducing the administrative burden by introducing a tax monitoring system for large taxpayers and establishing cooperation with taxpayers based on mutual trust.
The Portrait Of The Human Spirit In Ulugbek Khamdam’s Novel “Balance”
This article psychologically sheds light on the depiction of the human psyche in Ulugbek Khamdam’s novel “Balance”, the conflicts in the characters’ inner worlds, spiritual quests, and the personal tragedy during the period of social change in the work, as well as the disruption of the balance between “I” and “the world”.
Ways to improve the activities of the Interregional Tax Inspectorate for Large Taxpayers in improving tax administration in Uzbekistan
Biological and ecological characteristics of the cabbage aphid parasite
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the biological and ecological characteristics of major cabbage pests, particularly the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) and the cabbage bug (Eurydema ventralis Kol.), under the environmental conditions of the Khorezm region. The study is based on both field and laboratory experiments conducted during 2024–2025, focusing on their life cycle, reproductive capacity, seasonal development, and adaptation to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Special attention is given to the overwintering stages of the cabbage aphid, revealing that it survives in egg, larval, and adult forms within plant residues and cruciferous weeds. Early spring observations demonstrated the rapid activation and population growth of aphids, with peak reproduction occurring in moderate temperature conditions. Laboratory experiments showed that the average fecundity of a single aphid reached 39 larvae, with maximum productivity observed in spring and autumn seasons. In addition, the bioecological features of the cabbage bug were investigated, including its feeding behavior, egg-laying patterns, embryonic development, and larval stages. The results indicate that environmental conditions significantly influence its reproductive activity and development rate. The duration of development from egg to adult stage varies seasonally, being longer in spring and shorter in summer. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of pest population dynamics in cruciferous crops and provide a scientific basis for developing effective, environmentally friendly pest management strategies.
The Relationship Between Professional Identity And Motivation For Learning Activities Of Pedagogical Students
The development of learning motivation is of particular importance for the teacher training system, as only teachers motivated to continuously learn and develop themselves can effectively influence the development of relevant motivation in their students. In this regard, one of the key tasks of higher pedagogical education is developing students' sustainable motivation for learning and self-development, as highlighted in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan“On approval of the concept of development of the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030”. Developing the professional identity of teaching students during their professional training is a complex task. Therefore, studying the issue of professional identity in the context of academic motivation during student years could contribute to more effective learning and create favorable conditions for students' harmonious personal development.
Psychological Features Of The Relationship Between Attention And Self-Regulation In Children Of Older Preschool Age
Preschool age is a period of active mental development, during which the foundations of a child's personality, cognitive, and social skills are formed. Studying the relationship between attention and self-regulation in older preschool-aged children is a crucial aspect of child development. Attention allows a child to effectively perceive information and focus on tasks, while self-regulation helps control their emotions and, in the future, their learning. (Since play and learning are the primary activities in preschool, they have their own characteristics, and learning activities are related to the learning activities that are dominant in primary school age.) and actions. Their harmonious development lays the foundation for future success in learning and socialization. The ability to sustain attention for long periods and switch from one task to another directly depends on the level of selfregulation, which helps the child control their behavior and emotional state. The ability to manage attention and control one's behavior is also important for a child's social adaptation. Children who are able to focus on communication, listen to others, and regulate their emotional reactions integrate more easily into groups and interact better with peers and adults. This is especially important in preschool settings, where the development of social skills plays a crucial role in overall emotional and cognitive development
3D Studio Max Working Window Interface, Drawing Panel And Their Intelligence Algorithms
In my article mainly 3D Studio Max software worker mirror interface , main management elements and drawing (model creation ) panel opportunities illuminating Also , in the program three size models create in the process applicable main orders and from them use algorithms analysis 3D Studio Max software is used for design , architecture , animation . and computer graphics in the fields wide application because of his/her interface and functions study important is considered. In the article users for comfortable was worker environment, drawing panel elements and them practical in process application stages about scientific and practical information given.
Fundamentals of economic planning and financial planning in Uzbekistan
This article discusses the improvement of administration based on bringing business entities to a new level, further increasing the population's literacy in tax administration, supporting entrepreneurship, creating equal competition conditions and guaranteeing consumer rights, and encouraging the active participation of the general public in curbing the underground economy. In recent years, countries around the world have been paying special attention to the introduction of various mechanisms for preventing and reducing tax evasion by taxpayers when developing their short- and long-term budget and tax policy strategies. At the same time, reducing illegal financial flows, analyzing the factors that cause tax evasion by taxpayers, and conducting scientific research aimed at the scientific and theoretical aspects of tax evasion processes by reducing the underground economy remain one of the priority areas. At the same time, the areas were studied, foreign experience was used, scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were formulated on its application in our country
Methodology For Predicting Fiber Quality And Developing An Intelligent Control System
This article investigates, through a comprehensive approach, the issues of predicting fiber quality and developing an intelligent control system based on the initial technological parameters of raw cotton during primary processing. The experiments evaluated the influence of initial moisture content and contamination level of raw cotton, drying drum capacity, and drying agent temperature on fiber quality using a multivariate regression model. The model demonstrated a coefficient of determination of R² = 0.87, indicating high predictive accuracy
The economic content of tax capacity in Uzbekistan and its role and significance in the tax system
This article discusses the economic content of tax capacity, the laws of its formation and its strategic role in the tax system. During the study, the factors affecting tax capacity were analyzed and the importance of this indicator in stabilizing state budget revenues was substantiated. Also, ways to ensure the country's economic growth by expanding the tax base and increasing tax collection were considered. The article is intended for specialists interested in improving tax policy and optimizing the tax burden
Scientific analysis of the hidden economy in the Uzbekistan and its reduction in scientific research
This article describes the improvement of the administration based on bringing services to business entities to a new level, further increasing the tax administration literacy of the population, supporting entrepreneurship, creating an equal competitive environment and guaranteeing the rights of consumers, and encouraging the active participation of the general public in curbing the underground economy. In recent years, countries around the world have been paying special attention to the implementation of various mechanisms to prevent and reduce tax evasion by taxpayers when developing their shortterm and long-term budget-tax policy strategies. At the same time, conducting scientific research aimed at reducing illegal financial flows, analyzing the factors that cause tax evasion by taxpayers, reducing the hidden economy, and focusing on the scientific and theoretical aspects of tax evasion processes remains one of the priorities. At the same time, the fields were studied, foreign experience, scientific-practical conclusions and proposals were formed on its application in our country.
Ways to improve modern digitalization in accelerating economic reforms in Uzbekistan
This article presents an analysis of the features of entering the information society abroad and in our country in the conditions of the digital economy, organizational and functional relations of participants in the information and communication market.