Eurasian Journal of Research, Development and Innovation

Intellectual Footwear and Disinfectant Bucket

Begmatov Khurshid Esonalievich — 2024-06-08

In the article human beings needs come without one how many to amenities have bolga , disinfectant , foot temperature normalizing, in the leg unconscious smells lubricat , dust , oil and water impermeable modern nanotechnologies based on created smart leg clothes about info given

Features of the monetary policy of the European Central Bank

Abdinabieva Gulnoza Shavkat kizi — 2024-06-09

This article presents a comprehensive analysis monetary policy adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB). Through a detailed analysis of the literature, the methods used and the subsequent results, the article aims to shed light on the key features of the ECB's approach to maintaining price stability and stimulating economic growth. The discussion covers a variety of tools and strategies, including interest rates, open market operations, and unconventional measures such as quantitative easing. The implications of these policies for economic stability are also discussed, followed by conclusions and suggestions for future consideration

Bacteria of Streptococcus Pneumonia

Samaher Adel Youssef Hussein — 2024-06-10

The upper respiratory tract is colonized by many microorganisms immediately after birth by transmission vertically from mother to child. The density of these germs decreases with the development of the immune system in adults, and some germs remain coexisting in the nasal cavity, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and rarely, fungi and viruses inhabit the respiratory tract. The pathogens of the respiratory system vary, as they are not limited to specific types of microorganisms, as they include many viruses and germs, and fungi and parasites record dangerous pathological conditions. Infections of the upper respiratory tract are less severe than those of the lower respiratory tract, and acute lower respiratory tract infections are the third major cause of human death worldwide, as the number of deaths reached3.2 million in 2015 and the number one cause of death for children under the age of five, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 (WHO). Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a major global health problem due to the emergence of antibioticresistant strains, which leads to recurrence of infection and the continuous spread of infection

Laser in Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery

Zahraa Mohammed Kazem Nasser — 2024-06-10

It was concluded that the laser is today's weapon towards technological progress in the field of medicine and other fields. The laser can treat the most dangerous diseases and reach the most accurate areas of the body, and by means of it the surgery ends without blood and without pain, and the patient can resume his work immediately after the operation

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Human Health

Ahmed Mohammed Abbas Ibrahim — 2024-06-10

UV radiation has both detrimental effects and medical applications. Overexposure to UV radiation can cause sunburns, premature skin aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. It can also damage the eyes and weaken the immune system, potentially leading to genetic disorders and various cancers. However, controlled exposure to specific UV wavelengths is used in phototherapy to treat skin disorders like psoriasis, vitiligo, and atopic dermatitis. UV light reduces inflammation and modulates immune responses. UVB radiation enables the synthesis of vitamin D, essential for bone health and immune function. Additionally, UVC radiation has germicidal properties and is used for disinfection in healthcare settings to reduce the risk of infections. To ensure safety, sun protection measures like sunscreen and protective clothing should be followed. In medical settings, UV radiation should be carefully monitored and controlled, and protective measures like UV-blocking goggles and clothing should be used. Regular skin surveillance is important for detecting UV-induced damage. By implementing these measures, the negative effects of UV radiation can be minimized while maximizing its medical benefits

Design a Free Energy System (Second Model)

Fatima Mohammed Shakhir Najm — 2024-06-10

The diode is placed on the transistor so that the negative end of the diode is to the left of the transistor, and the second diode is connected to the collector © of the transistor, where the negative end of the diode is at the bottom. Then we connect the 100-ohm resistor to the base end of the transistor (B), then the 5K resistor we connect its first and second ends. With the end of the diode, while winding the coil, which is clockwise at the beginning of the winding, two wires are output, one of which is thick (0.23) and the other is thin (0.25). At the end of the winding, two wires of the same type also come out. We will take the thin wire located at the beginning of the coil and connect it to the emitter terminal (E) of the transistor, while the thick wire located at the beginning of the coil connects to the collector terminal ((C)) of the transistor (it must be placed before the diode). As for the two wires Coming out of the coil, the thin wire will be connected to the variable resistor with its third terminal, while the thick wire will be connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and either the terminal or the negative terminal of the battery will be connected to the emitter terminal ((E)) of the transistor

Traditional use Antifungal, Antibacterial of local Iraqi Medicinal Plants: in Review

Zahraa Kareem Naief Kadhim — 2024-06-10

The Present review was conducted to explain the role of Iraqi medicinal plants in traditional medicine. This review is an attempt to highlight the traditional uses of Iraqi medicinal plants. Plants produce chemical compounds as part of their normal metabolic activities. Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances, colours, biopesticides and food additives

Uses of Laser in Surgery

Hussein Ali Jaber Gwaid — 2024-06-10

Laser surgery is a surgical procedure in which tissue is cut with a laser (laser scalpel) instead of a traditional scalpel. The laser beam vaporizes the water in the soft tissue and then cuts it. It is often used in eye surgery, where the laser has become one of the most promising weapons for surgeons and dermatologists. . Lasers can be used in many surgical procedures, including laser resurfacing. The laser resurfacing process is important as it vaporizes the surface layers on the skin and thus contributes to removing wrinkles and lines resulting from sunlight. The laser beam also has a natural sterilizing effect that vaporizes bacteria, viruses, and fungi, leading to a reduction in local infections. Perhaps most importantly, the laser reduces post-operative pain by blocking the nerve endings

Designing Some Types of Optical Fibers Used in Medical Applications

Ekhlas Mohammed Abd Sahu — 2024-06-10

In this work, several types of optical fibers were designed using the OPTIFIBER program from OPTIWAVE, based on the refractive index formula and the diameter of the core. The types were single-mode step index optical fiber, multimode step-index optical fiber with a fixed refractive index, multimode step-index, and multimode optical fiber. Patterns with a graded-index of refraction. The patterns were shown and their losses were calculated by studying the wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser used in medical devices

X-Ray and Their Application in the Medical

Shahlaa ramadan Jawad khudair — 2024-06-10

The aim of this work was to develop, implement and use a computational framework to study and address the major outstanding issues in digital chest imaging in order to expedite its introduction into routine clinical use.The information about X-rays and how they are produced are discussed, as well as some applications of X-rays in medicine, as well as their risks and how to prevent them. This was done in the first chapter of this research.As for the second chapter, the chest area and its sections (heart, lungs, diaphragm, middle) were selected, and multiple samples (X-ray images) were selected for each organ, and some information that contributes to creating a work environment was identified. specified. also pointed out.In the third chapter, the previously reviewed samples are discussed and explained in detail As well as reviewing the problems facing the technician and how to overcome them.

Attenuation of Electromagnetic Waves Using Nano Composites

Saifallah Asad Lami Daoud — 2024-06-10

Through all the prepared samples, it was found that they have a varying ability to attenuate microwaves within the (X) band (X-band) and at different ranges of frequency. Regarding the electrical properties, it is noted that there is a similarity in the behavior of the dielectric constant with the capacitance of the capacitance and for all the samples that were prepared, which indicates the similarity between the electrical conduction and polarization in ferrite materials

Using Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agents by Taking Advantage of Plasmonic Thermal Effects

Roqayah Qasim Hassoon Baqir — 2024-06-10

The study focused to synthesize and evaluate the thermo-plasmonic properties based on the core/multi-shell nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquids with nanosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm, to introduce a new type of hybrid nanostructures usable in biomedicine and optical photonics applications. For these hybrid nanostructures, Gold and Silver as a partner of Silicon were used in thermo-plasmonic part, the hybrid multishell nanostructures consist of gold-silver and silver-gold sandwich with silicon shell in between.The optical absorption was measured using aUV–Vis spectrophotometer for the samples. In addition, the thermo-plasmonic properties are studied by monitoring the local temperature increase of the samples experimentally by infrared camera, when the samples are illuminated by lasers of different wavelengths (532, 405 nm). As well as the core/multi-shell NPs were tested to inhibit the activity of the E-coli bacteria under laser radiation.In addition, the results show that not only an extreme tunability in the surface plasmon resonances can be obtained, but also considerably enhanced photo-thermal effects in terms of temperature rise, that depends on the laser effect

The use of scanning electron microscope in imaging

Hala kamal taha Mahmoud — 2024-06-10

The goal of the project is to study the scanning electron microscope and give a general idea about the electron microscope and the stages of its development and know the mechanism on which it works, as well as knowing the basic components of the microscope and the mechanism of operation of each part. The project also aims to study the defects and distortions that appear on the image as a result of distortions due to mechanical or operational defects. In the microscope.We conclude in this research that some preventive and safety measures must be taken when operating these devices. When these devices operate, they produce X-rays when electrons collide with the sample. As we know, X-rays are harmful to humans, but you should not worry about exposure to these It is completely insulated and the generated.

Computerized tomography (CT scan)

Abeer Fahim Mohsen Taher — 2024-06-10

A CT scan depends on taking many X-ray images at the same time, with the aim of imaging the body and organ in the form of thin slices. By merging these images together, the internal structure of each organ appears very accurately, even the smallest changes present. The CT scan image is formed in three dimensions by merging the images. From different angles, a dye containing iodine or barium can be used in a CT scan, and it is injected through the peripheral veins in order to clearly show the wall of the internal blood vessels. It is called a CT scan. The difference between the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and computed tomography (CT) is that the CT scan is It is faster than MRI, and is also cheaper than MRI, and less sensitive to patient movement, unlike MRI, and CT imaging is safe for patients who suffer from fear of closed spaces. CT imaging can be performed using implantable medical devices such as pacemakers or magnetic vascular clips

The effect of pressure on the electronic properties of diamond crystal

Sajjad Nadhim Naeem Khalil — 2024-06-10

The study included the application of quantum mechanical calculations using the average neglect method of differential interference to the effect of pressure (pinch or pull stress) on the electronic properties and the extent of its effect on both the valence band width, the conduction band width, the lattice constant of the crystal, as well as the energy gap and the relationship of pressing and pulling stress with ductility, as follows :Increasing the width of both the valence and conduction bands and decreasing the energy gap in the pressing stress.

Studying the effect of common intestinal parasites on the digestive system of children

Muntasir Nizar Mahmoud Hazaa — 2024-06-10

The results of the current study, according to scientific research, showed that approximately 20% of children are infected with intestinal parasites, and that the age group (4-5) years has the highest infection rate.

Diagnosis of Biliary Duct Obstruction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cholangiography

Zahraa Sabah Abdel Zahra Muhammad — 2024-06-10

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a valuable method for the evaluation of Biliary Ducts obstruction and a valuable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). It is noninvasive and does not require the use of contrast material or ionizing. To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of Biliary Ducts Obstruction

Au nanoparticles and AuPVA Nano composites: Synthesis and characterization

Muslim laftah sabaar tami — 2024-06-10

This research aims to prepare a nanocolloidal solution of gold and gold capped with PVA by chemical reduction method by sodium tri-citrate as a reducing agent and using gold chloride as a source of gold ions in aqueous solution at low temperatures (room temperature). The prepared solution was diagnosed by scanning electron microscope as well as the X-RayDiffraction. The results showed that the shape of the prepared particles is spherical with diameters close to 10 nanometers and with good scattering

Detection of some opportunistic free-living amoeba in some water samples in Thi-Qar province Southern of Iraq

Ahmed Ali Kashuni Attiwi — 2024-06-10

Free living amoeba (FLA) are widely distributed in various environmental sources and they have been found world-wide in aquatic habitats, soil and air.This study was performed in Thi –Qar province south of Iraq in order to detection of the opportunistic FLA in water samples and identified by morphological characters in the culture .During the period from November 2021 to February 2022 forty samples of water were collected ,All samples were cultured in the NN-agar medium and then examined by light microscope and we recognized morphologically the trophozoites and cysts of opportunistic amoebas that belong to the genera ; Naegleria fowleri. ,Acanthamoeba spp , Sappinia spp and Balamuthia mandrillaris , the study found 27(67.5%) samples were positive for total opportunistic FLA , and 13(32.5%) samples were negative , Where Sappinia spp. was the most common amoeba in water samples while Naegleria fowleri was less present

Design and implementation of a foot pressure measurement

Mohammed Ziad Abdullah Nayef — 2024-06-15

Foot plantar pressure is the pressure field that acts between the foot and the support surface during everyday locomotor activities. Information derived from such pressure measures is important in gait and posture research for diagnosing lower limb problems, footwear design, sport biomechanics, injury prevention and other applications. This work explain the way and the main component that used to design a system for measuring foot pressure. This system is characterized by simplicity and portability. So, it suitable for patient and economically viable in countries with people having low socioeconomic status.

Natural polymers: Preparation, applications and benefits

Hawraa Abd Alraheem Jabbar Hassan — 2024-06-15

Natural polymers are the major components of all living matter; cheap, available and most importantly eco-friendly . They are widely used in many fields. This research will cover a few types of natural polymers. How can we obtain them ,their application ,structure and the different way they can be a part of our daily lives without being harmful to our health and environment.

Autoimmune Diseases (lupus Erythematous)

Reyim Mahdi Abdel Kazem — 2024-06-21

Lupus erythematous is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system erroneously acts against its own healthy tissues. It usually follows a chronic course and hence can also be termed as a chronic disease. It may involve only a single organ, but in its due course, it usually involves multiple organs of the body. There are various types of rashes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the butterfly‐like rash being the most famous. Up to now, many classifications of lupus have been given, but the classification into the discoid lupus and the disseminated lupus is being most widely accepted. From the time of Hippocrates, it was assumed to be present, and after many research studies, it is still a dreaded disease. Females are more affected than males by this disease. In the past, the survival rate of SLE was very poor. Now the survival rate has increased, thanks to the newer drugs and other strategies taken against this disease. The main causes of death from SLE were renal disease, neoplasm, CVD, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease and infection. It has been found that various genes cause the disease. In a small fraction of patients, the disease may be attributed to a single gene. But majority of the patients with this disease have multiple genes

Comparative Study of Properties of TiO₂ Prepared by Reactive Sputtering and Sol-gel method

Yas Khudair Ahmed Hassan — 2024-06-21

Nanostructured Titanium dioxide were synthesized using two different deposition techniques: sol-gel and sputtering. Anatase structural phase of titania was observed for the samples synthesized by both methods by controlling tempeture. The scanning electron microscopy indicated that the average particle size of samples prepared by plasma sputtering was smaller than that of samples prepared sol-gel. The spectroscopic measurements confirmed the formation of Ti-O bonds. Energy band gap was determined and found to be 3.2 eV for sample prepared by sol-gel and 3.1 eV for samples prepared by plasma sputtering. These results highlight the advantages of plasma sputtering technique over sol-gel as thin film deposition methods.

Air monitoring system using Arduino

Aymen ameer aman namdar — 2024-06-21

Air quality is one of the main factors that determine health. the human need for clean air is something that cannot be underestimated. because the number of sources of air pollutants everywhere is different. air pollution is a simple thing, but it is extremely dangerous if it is allowed to continue. so we need a monitoring tool to monitor air pollutants and the results can be monitored in real time. this is a device that measures the levels of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, benzene, methane and smoke by a gas sensor, indoor and outdoor temperatures, and humidity by a temperature sensor and controlled using an arduino processor. the light is red and it is a warning

Study Characterization of White Light Generation from Light Emitting Device

Hussein Ali Kamil Himed — 2024-06-21

From the previous work one can summarized the conclusions as follows: Fabrication of EL-device from semiconductors material (ZnS QDs) with hole injection organic polymer (TPD) was effective in white light generation and can be the color of emerged light. After adding the Alq3 layer of the hybrid device form ITO/TPD:PMMA/ZnS QDs/Alq3/Al was obtained as follows: 1. The alignment of OLED between two organic molecules leads to the generation of high energy improves the properties of the hybrid device. 2. The output current from I-V characteristics is good compared that with Alq3 few voltages (at 6V). 3. Recombination processes would give rise to the forward bias current flow is faster. 4. The intensity emission of EL hybrid device is very high. White light generated is very clear and high efficiency

Metal poisoning and the most important ways to prevent it

Amir Ayed Muhaibas Obaid — 2024-06-21

In this research, we reviewed the effects of some heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and aluminum, on the environment and living organisms, especially humans. It is essential to have effective legislation and guidelines and detect areas with higher levels of heavy metals. Failure to control exposure will lead to serious complications in the future due to the harmful effects imposed by heavy metals. Occupational exposure to heavy metals can be reduced through engineering solutions. Exposure monitoring and potential intervention to reduce additional exposure to heavy metals in the environment and humans can become a critical step towards prevention. National and international cooperation is vital and appropriate to prevent heavy metal toxicity

Compounds in Human Body Organic

Noora falah abd al hassn — 2024-06-21

This research includes an introduction to organic chemistry in the human body, compounds, their importance, composition, types and presence , the functional group is a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit. You can think of functional groups as tightly knit “cliques” whose members are unlikely to be parted. Five functional groups are important in human physiology; these are the hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl and phosphate groups

Types of Pressure in the Human Body

Kazem Jawad Maleh Fatouh — 2024-06-21

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels through which it moves to supply all the body's tissues and organs with food, oxygen, water, and enzymes in what is known as blood circulation. Blood circulation begins with the contraction of the heart muscle to forcefully push all its blood contents, which in turn moves from the heart to the aorta, the largest artery in the human body, and from there to the rest of the arteries. Then the heart relaxes to allow it to be filled with a new amount of blood packed with oxygen, so that it contracts again, pushing a new charge to the aorta. Again, and so on. Medical statistics show the great importance of maintaining blood pressure at an average of 115/75 mmHg, and that exceeding this limit leads to stress on the heart and kidneys, and that high blood pressure may lead to a stroke or early infertility in men.

Detection of Oral Entamoeba Gingivalis in a Kut Population with Gingivitis and Periodontal disease

Teba malik Khudair abbas — 2024-06-21

With regard to the parasitological confirmation, E. gingivalis trophozoites were evident microscopically within all 22 positive specimens.The study involved 30 persons: 15 women and 15 men. In the studied group. The study consisted of the observation of samples derived by way of buccal swabs under a microscope in a search for Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoites. Such protozoa were found in 22 patients, but no in 7 patients . Among the samples derived from women, the protozoa were in 13 (59.09%), and among men, in 9 subjects (40.91%).It was found during the examination that the percentage of non-smoking individuals was the highest, 95.54%, and the lowest percentage of smoking individuals was 4.55%. The number. The total number of people examined was N = 30.Out of 30 investigated studies, 30 specified a mean age for their sample size. Results showed an increase in prevalence on (21-30) the age of the patients, the lowest prevalence was reported lass 10 age and (51-60) age

Molecular study of the giardia parasite in the beauty of the province of Diwaniyah

Ali Hussein Ali Hanoun — 2024-06-21

Because of little studies which related with camels in Iraq, our study aimed to description of Giardia lamblia in it, in parasitology laboratory of Life Sciences in Qadissiya University.The current study included a random examination of 100 fecal samples of camels from slaughterhouses and Bedouin areas in Diwaniyah Governorate. Some camels suffered from diarrhea and other asymptomatic animals from October 2019 to the end of April 2020, and their ages ranged from random examination. The infection with giardiasis (40 samples, 20%) was by direct smear, flotation method, and by using light microscopy to detect parasite phases and cysts. The incidence of giardia parasites was 19.3%.The prevalence rate according to the age of the camel, Giardia infection was higher at age less than 44.4%, while the rate decreased at age more than 17.5%. According to the most popular study of giardia infection, the highest range is 28.1% in January and the lowest range is 3.3% in December. Statistical analysis of results showed there is significant difference in both parasite infections among the age range and months of study.Regarding the prevalence of parasites, 100 faecal samples were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The prevalence of giardia (39%) in Diwaniyah.This study showed that camels are the source of infection with the studied parasites, which are considered parasites of animal origin.

Nanomaterials as Sorbents in Wastewater Treatment

Majed Mohammed Ismail Marza — 2024-06-21

Nanotechnology refers to a wide range of tools, technologies and applications consisting of microscopic particles approximately a few hundred nanometers in diameter.These extremely small particles (in their size) also have a set of physical and chemical properties and properties related to their surface, which are suitable for many uses and in different fields. This technology will address and find real solutions to issues related to medicine, energy, agriculture, and even environmental and military issues alike. Which will bring about a technological revolution Scientists interested in nanotechnology indicate that this great technology will contribute to finding solutions to some major global problems, such as providing clean drinking water to the entire population, whose numbers are increasing annually.

Does Measurements for Internal Medical Treatments

Ali kareem Mohammed abed — 2024-06-22

Internal dosimetry is a major component of nuclear safety for the the approximately 100, 000 radiation workers at DOE radiological or nuclear facilities. Workers who handle nuclear materials or who are involved in nuclear waste management are potentially at risk of inadvertent intakes of radioactive material . DOE policy and associated radiological control programs for limiting internal effective doses are based on containment of radioactive material to ensure ( to the extent reasonably achievable) that radionuclides from work at radiological lr nuclear facilities are not taken into the body. Most significant occupations intake of radionuclides, i.e ., individuals receiving doses approaching or exceeding a limit, occur as the result of contamination incidents associated with either the inadvertent release of radioactive material in the workplace or the unplanned loss of containment .

The Role of Medicinal Plants Extras in Lowering the Level Blood Sugar Level

Diana Essam Kazem Obaid — 2024-06-20

Recently, some medicinal plants have been reported to be useful in diabetes worldwide and have been used empirically in antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic remedies. Antihyperglycemic activity of the plants is mainly due to their ability to restore the function of pancreatic tissues by causing an increase in insulin output or inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose or to the facilitation of metabolites in insulin dependent processes. More than 400 plant species having hypoglycemic activity have been available in literature, however, searching for new antidiabetic drugs from natural plants is still attractive because they contain substances which demonstrate alternative and safe effects on diabetes mellitus. Most of plants contain glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carotenoids, etc., that are frequently implicated as having antidiabetic effect.

Production of nanoparticles using plant extract

Atheer Sadoon Turku Abed — 2024-06-21

Through this research, we studied the effect of the aqueous extract of the caper plant on the process of preparing silver nanoparticles with properties. The method was done by adding the aqueous extract of the caper plant with a concentration of 100ppm to three test tubes containing 10ml of silver nitrate in different sizes (1ml, 2ml, 3ml) and shaking them. For 5 minutes and left for an hour, a gradual brown color was observed indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles. That is, silver nanoparticles were obtained in a fast, safe, inexpensive and very effective way, which makes this method important because silver nanoparticles have wide applications in all fields, which is of great economic and scientific importance

Studying the effect of seaweed extract on some growth characteristics of mung beans grown hydroponically

Sajad fuad kadhem Mutair — 2024-06-22

The article is devoted to the role of operational-investigative activities in the customs authorities in identifying and suppressing crimes in the field of customs activities, as well as issues of the effective waysof its organization.

Blur and Quality Metrics in Digital Images

Zainab Abdul Hussein Salman Hussein — 2024-06-28

Modern digital cameras have provided a great service to users of different groups and ages as they have facilitated the process of obtaining images. However, the user still needs to improve some images that are marred by lack of clarity when taking the image due to the lack of appropriate lighting such as cloudy weather, bright light, or dark locations. Or taking the photo from a long distance, which leads to blurring of image details and blurring of colors. Therefore, through this research, Contrast Enhancement algorithms were used in images because of their significant impact in modifying the lighting in dark images, clarifying their edges, clarifying their features, and improving image quality. The issue of poor contrast in images is one of the most common problems facing users or researchers when working on scientific images or in the case of general use of images

Study the improving the optical properties of laser day by doped nanomaterials

Moamel Ismail Kazem fazaa — 2024-06-28

The present research include studying the structural ,linear and nonlinear optical properties for organic laser dye: doped with (PVA) polymer and (Ag)nano particles for using it in field of nonlinear optics. Many properties of organic laser dyes can be improved and enhanced by doping with polymer and nanoparticles materials, which are favorable for practical applications.Thin films have better linear and non-linear spectral optical properties as compared to solutions. And samples prepared from dyes doped with polymers and nanomaterials have better nonlinear optical properties compared to samples prepared from single dyes . The results indicate that the optical power limiting threshold is inversely related to the solution concentration the prepared thin films of mixture laser dyes with ratio(4:1) doped with PVA polymer and Ag nano particles give spectral , linear and nonlinear optical parameters high as compared with other mixing ratios.Where the highest value of the quantum efficiency (96%) and the highest value of the nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (12.68×10-3 cm2/mW) and (6.125 cm/mW) were obtained, respectively. The results indicate that all samples of pure and doped dyes and its mixture (solutions and thin films) could be employed as a suitable medium for a variety of optoelectronic applications, including optical power limiting and active laser medium in liquid lasers.