Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (EJHSS) is an Open Access, Peer Reviewed, International, Refereed, Scientific Journal that publishes original research and review articles related to diverse areas of Humanities and Social Sciences etc. The main objective of Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (EJHSS) is to offer an intellectual platform to the international scholars and it aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. All manuscripts must be prepared in English language and subject to a rigorous peer-review process. The scope of the journal is not limited to Humanities: Anthropology, Archaeology, History, Linguistic and Languages, Law and Politics, Literature, Philosophy, Religion, Performing Arts, Visual Arts, etc. Social Sciences: Civics, Demography, Economics, Media studies, Geography ISSN (E): 2795-7683 Journal Impact Factor: 7.875
Teachers' Strategies Motivate Students To Improve Learning Outcomes (Case Study At Smp Negeri 2 Maba, East Halmahera)
This study analyses teachers' strategies in enhancing students' learning motivation at SMP Negeri 2 Maba, East Halmahera, the multidimensional barriers they face, and the operational solutions applied to overcome them. Using a qualitative case-study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observation, and documentation, and analysed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model supported by wordfrequency analysis. The findings show that teachers combine a humanistic socio-emotional approach—through a safe classroom climate, ice-breaking activities, and humorous communication—with student-centred pedagogical innovation such as Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Project-Based Learning (PBL). However, the effectiveness of these strategies is constrained by systemic, multidimensional barriers: external environmental disruption (negative peer influence and weak parental control), infrastructural limitations (digital-facility deficits and hot classrooms), and students' internal barriers (low selfconfidence and apathy). In response, teachers demonstrate high pedagogical resilience by engineering the surrounding natural environment and recycled materials as alternative media, integrating students' personal smartphones, and launching home-visit programmes and educative-spiritual sanctions. Theoretically, the findings affirm Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT): in a developing archipelagic region, the affective fulfilment of basic psychological needs (safety, autonomy, relatedness) plays a far more dominant role in sustaining intrinsic motivation than purely academic methodological renewal.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Women in Sales Leadership: Moving towards Gender Diversity and Inclusion in the Sales Management Environment in Nigeria.
This paper has explored the issue of women in sales leadership with emphasis on organisational, cultural and structural impediments that prevent women from rising to the sales management roles in Nigeria. The research used a convergent mixed-methods methodology, which was a combination of a national stratified survey including about 450 sales professionals, 30 semi-structured interviews and three company case studies. The research model involved the analysis of the probability of promotion through logistic regression and the thematic analysis to test the lived experiences of the participants. Results, derived through a review of available literature and pilot data, showed that sponsorship and institutionalised human resources tracks are important factors in diminishing gender inequity in promotion. Moreover, flexible role design is demonstrated to enhance retention and promote women with caregiving duties more. The article ends by presenting policy implications and recommendations that the firm-level practices should be geared towards putting in place quantifiable and sustainable channels for women moving to sales leadership roles.
Mahmud Al-Zamakhshari: The Sultan Of Language And Quranic Exegesis
This article is devoted to the life, scholarly activity, and enduring intellectual legacy of our great compatriot Mahmud al-Zamakhshari, a towering figure who earned such distinguished titles as «Jarullah» (“The Neighbor of Allah”) and «Ustadh al-Dunya» (“The Teacher of the World”). The study explores the scholar’s childhood in Khwarazm, the hardships he endured in pursuit of knowledge, and the extraordinary academic heights he attained despite a severe physical disability. Particular attention is given to al-Zamakhshari’s scholarly activities in some of the most prominent intellectual centers of the medieval Islamic world—Bukhara, Baghdad, and Makkah—as well as to his teachers, students, and scientific milieu. The article further examines his invaluable contributions to Arabic grammar, Qur’anic exegesis, and lexicography, highlighting the significance of such monumental works as «Al-Kashshaf» and «Al-Mufassal» through the lens of historical and academic sources. The study also discusses the efforts undertaken in independent Uzbekistan to research, preserve, and promote the heritage of this eminent scholar.
The Use Of Modern Innovative Technologies In The Management Of Sport Tourism Infrastructure
This article analyzes the role of modern innovative technologies in the management of sport tourism infrastructure. Sport tourism today requires not only stadiums, trails, hotels and transport systems, but also integrated digital platforms, smart monitoring tools, data-based decision-making and sustainable management models. The article examines how GIS, IoT, artificial intelligence, mobile applications, cloud platforms, digital marketing, virtual reality and smart ticketing systems improve the efficiency, safety and competitiveness of sport tourism destinations. Special attention is paid to infrastructure planning, visitor flow management, service quality, environmental sustainability and public-private cooperation. The study concludes that technological innovation should be understood not as an auxiliary tool, but as a strategic mechanism for developing sport tourism infrastructure.
Cognitive And Neurolinguistic Aspects Of Advertising Discourse Perception
Advertising persuasion is a complex communicative process grounded in the interaction of attention, memory, emotion, linguistic prediction, semantic activation, conceptual framing, and multimodal integration. Contemporary advertisements do not merely transmit information about products and services; they organise perception, activate culturally shared knowledge, guide evaluation, and construct desirable relationships between brands and consumers. The present study investigates the cognitive and neurolinguistic foundations of advertising persuasion through an integrated analysis of attentional salience, working-memory demands, emotional valence, semantic priming, conceptual metaphor, presupposition, syntactic compression, personalisation, and verbal-visual congruence. The empirical material comprises a pilot corpus of fifty English-language advertising messages representing technology, cosmetics and personal care, automotive products, financial services, food and non-alcoholic beverages, and digital platforms. Advertising materials associated with Nike and Coca-Cola were excluded to avoid dependence on extensively analysed canonical campaigns. The study combines cognitive-discursive analysis, pragmatic analysis, conceptual metaphor analysis, and a theoretically informed interpretation of findings from psycholinguistic, electrophysiological, and consumer-neuroscience research. The results indicate that the persuasive potential of advertising is strengthened when messages achieve attentional prominence without excessive cognitive load, connect new commercial information with previously activated semantic associations, employ emotionally relevant but comprehensible framing, and integrate verbal and visual information coherently. Positive framing, personalisation, semantic priming, conceptual metaphor, evaluative intensification, and linguistic compression were among the most recurrent mechanisms in the corpus. The findings further demonstrate that neurolinguistic evidence should not be interpreted as direct proof of purchasing behaviour. Neural and electrophysiological measures provide information about particular stages of attention, semantic integration, affective processing, and motivational relevance, but they require contextual interpretation and behavioural validation. The study concludes that effective advertising persuasion emerges from the coordinated organisation of cognitive accessibility, emotional significance, linguistic form, and contextual relevance rather than from any single persuasive technique
The Views Of Ibn Taymiyya And Ibn Qayyim On The Finitude Of Hell: An Analytical Study And Rebuttals
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the views held by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyya and his disciple Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya regarding the fana (finitude or eventual disappearance) of Hellfire. The author examines the alignment of these views with the consensus (ijma) of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, evaluates the strength of the provided evidence, and reviews the rebuttals issued by contemporary and subsequent scholars, such as Taqi al-Din al-Subki, al-San’ani, and al-Albani. Furthermore, the article analyzes the contradictory passages within the works of Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim and discusses the hypothesis that they may have retracted these views toward the end of their lives
Strengthening the Values of Islamic Religious Educators in the Diversity of Inter-Tribal Relations in the Mining Ring Area Study in Central Halmahera
This study aims to examine the strengthening of the values of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in the framework of the diversity of inter-ethnic relations in the mining ring area of Central Halmahera Regency. The presence of the mining industry has triggered considerable demographic changes, marked by the influx of migrant workers from various ethnicities, such as Buton, Bugis, Javanese, and Sumatra, thus potentially causing social tensions between groups. With a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies, this study involved informants consisting of religious leaders, traditional leaders, village government officials, local communities, and migrant workers. The findings of the study show that the values of PAI, including ukhuwah Islamiyah (brotherhood), tasamuh (tolerance), husnudzon (good prejudice), ta'awun (helphelp), and ishlah (peace), have been internalized into a social practice that lives in the community. The mosque plays a role as a center for egalitarian social integration, where regional and tribal barriers are dissolved through the implementation of congregational worship, yasinan activities, and collective community service. This research also reveals that the strengthening of PAI values does not take place alone, but is strengthened through synergy with local Fagogoru wisdom, such asAdmit to Feeling Like a Man(Burdening each other),Courtesy re Yours(glorify each other), andBudi re Language(communicate politely), which is in harmony with the teachings of Islam. RitualCokaibaIt is clear evidence of acculturation between customs and religion as a means of da'wah as well as a tool for unifying culture. The village government also took part by implementing the Village Regulation (Perdes) on the prohibition of liquor and curfew restrictions as a form of social control based on religious values. The results of observations in the field show that there is an integrated settlement pattern without separation based on ethnicity, coffee shops function as the main public spaces for cross-cultural interactions, and help-help practices involving various tribes. These findings are corroborated by Émile Durkheim's theory of collective consciousness, John W. Berry's theory of acculturation, and Talcott Parsons' view of structural functionalism. Thus, social integration in the mining ring area does not occur by itself, but is formed through collaboration between local cultural values, religious solidarity, and various social mechanisms that have been institutionalized in the life of the people of Central Halmahera
The Application Of Nuclear Physics In Medicine
This article comprehensively covers the application of nuclear physics in the field of medicine. It analyzes the fundamental principles of nuclear medicine, radioactive isotopes, and the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter and biological tissues. In the field of diagnostics, SPECT and PET technologies, along with the role of radiopharmaceuticals, are reviewed in detail. In the therapy section, methods of external beam radiation (proton therapy), brachytherapy, and radionuclide therapy are described based on their scientific foundations.
Glimpses From The Service History Of Officers Of The Surkhandarya Regional Internal Affairs Bodies
This article presents a historical and analytical study of the service activities of several officers who have served within the system of the Internal Affairs Bodies of Surkhandarya Region during the years of Uzbekistan’s independence. The research analyzes the professional careers of officers working in criminal investigation, crime prevention, public safety, and road traffic safety sectors. The findings demonstrate the consistent development of personnel training and leadership formation systems within the internal affairs bodies and reveal that the professional experience of officers has become one of the key factors in maintaining law and order in the region
Spiritual Stability: Content, Criteria And Opportunities For Strengthening
This article analyzes the concept of spiritual stability as an important condition for personal maturity, social harmony and sustainable development. Spiritual stability is interpreted not only as a person’s inner moral strength, but also as the ability of individuals and communities to preserve human dignity, ethical responsibility, cultural identity and constructive behavior under social, economic and ideological pressure. The article discusses the content of spiritual stability, its main criteria, and the pedagogical, cultural and institutional opportunities for strengthening it in modern society. Special attention is given to education, family, national values, critical thinking, civic responsibility and global citizenship as practical mechanisms for developing spiritual resilience. The study concludes that spiritual stability is a dynamic quality that must be continuously cultivated through moral education, social justice, cultural continuity and meaningful participation in public life.
Cultural And Educational Infrastructure Of The Southern Regions Of Uzbekistan During The Years Of Independence
Based on archival sources and statistical data, this article analyzes the formation, development, and systemic problems faced by the cultural and educational infrastructure of the southern regions of Uzbekistan during the years of independence. The study highlights the shrinking trends of club institutions and the library network, the condition of the material and technical base, as well as the problems of personnel potential and their education levels in rural areas. Furthermore, the measures implemented by the state to finance the sector and provide social protection for its employees are outlined.
The Spread of The Hanafi School in The Period of Movarounnahr and The Important Services of Its Fukhis
The Hanafi school of thought first emerged in the city of Kufa. It was founded by Abu Hanifa, may God have mercy on him. For this reason, this school is called the "Hanafi" school. Although the Hanafi school of thought entered Transoxiana in the 8th-9th centuries, the most valuable works within the school were written between the 10th and 13th centuries. During this period, the jurists of the school made a wide range of great services to the Hanafi school of thought. Although their original origin was not Arabic, their works were written in Arabic. This indicates that they had thoroughly mastered almost all the sciences of Islam. Some of the jurists wrote in prose, while others wrote in verse. This indicates that the jurists of Transoxiana were well-versed in the science of jurisprudence. In this article, we will cover this topic in detail!
Cognitive Foundations Of Toponym Formation (Based On Materials From Southern Uzbekistan)
This article provides a scholarly analysis of toponyms as products of human intellectual, cognitive, and discursive activity. The phenomenon of onomastic transfer is interpreted as a speech process, and the semantic, onomasiological, and cognitive mechanisms involved in object naming are identified. The processes of appellativization of proper names and onymization of common nouns are examined as manifestations of the intrinsic relationship between language and speech units. The formation of natural and artificial nominations is demonstrated through the interaction between toponyms and appellative units in connection with the semantic sources of geographical names. Toponymic lexis is evaluated from cognitive and ethnolinguistic perspectives, substantiating its status as one of the most significant layers of language reflecting collective thinking, historical memory, and cultural experience.
Measures For Preventing Environmental Problems And Their Practical Solutions
This article discusses environmental problems that are currently considered urgent on both global and regional scales, their causes, and measures for their prevention. The impact of such environmental issues as air pollution, depletion of water resources, soil degradation, waste problems, and reduction of biodiversity on human health and the economy is analyzed. In addition, the practical significance of modern methods for solving environmental problems, resource-saving technologies, renewable energy sources, and environmental monitoring systems is described.
Fundamentals Of Optimization Of Cadastral Documents And Requirements For Them
This article discusses the scientific and practical foundations of optimizing cadastral documents and the requirements imposed on them. The role of cadastral documentation in land management, real estate registration, urban planning, and property relations is analyzed. Modern approaches to the optimization of cadastral systems, including digital technologies, geographic information systems (GIS), electronic databases, and automated cadastral management systems, are scientifically substantiated. In addition, the legal, technical, and informational requirements for cadastral documents, as well as their importance in ensuring transparency, accuracy, and efficiency in land administration, are highlighted.
Practical Significance Of The Mechanism Of Metabolism In Microorganisms
This article highlights the biological and practical significance of metabolic processes in microorganisms. The metabolic activity of microorganisms and their important role in the food industry, agriculture, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and ecology were analyzed. The main stages of metabolic processes, enzymatic reactions, mechanisms of energy production, and their industrial applications were scientifically described. In addition, the practical significance of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, biosynthesis, and biodegradation processes of microorganisms was demonstrated.
Prof. Shukhrat Ismatullayevich Irnazarov
Main Factors Affecting The Growth And Development Of Microorganisms
The article discusses the activity of microorganisms in soils, their role in increasing soil fertility, symbiotic relationships, and the process of nitrogen fixation. Information about nitrogen-fixing bacteria and their characteristics is provided.
Female Characters And The American Dream: Gendered Limitations In Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy
Theodore Dreiser’s “An American Tragedy” explores the unequal nature of the American Dream through the experiences of its female characters. This article examines Roberta Alden, Sondra Finchley, and the maternal figures in the novel in order to analyze how gender and class restrict women’s opportunities. The study argues that Dreiser portrays female ambition as limited by social expectations, economic dependence, and patriarchal authority. Through these characters, the novel reveals that social mobility was not equally accessible to women regardless of their social position.
Functional Capabilities Of Zoonymic Language Units In Text Formation: A Comparative Study Of English And Uzbek
This article investigates the functional capabilities of zoonymic language units in text formation in English and Uzbek. Zoonymic units, which include lexical and phraseological expressions containing animal names, play an important role in representing nationalcultural worldviews, emotional evaluation, and stylistic expressiveness. The study aims to identify the semantic, stylistic, and linguocultural functions of zoonymic components in literary and everyday discourse. Comparative, contextual, semantic, and linguocultural analysis methods are employed in the research. The findings demonstrate that zoonymic units in both languages serve as effective means of characterization, emotional evaluation, metaphorical representation, and text cohesion. Despite certain universal semantic associations, English and Uzbek zoonymic expressions reveal significant national-cultural differences shaped by historical traditions, social values, and collective mentality. The article concludes that zoonymic language units constitute an important linguocultural layer and actively participate in text formation processes in both languages.
Tribal Languages: Linguacultural Peculiarities And Their Usage In Modern Linguistics
This article examines the linguacultural peculiarities of tribal languages from a comparative and descriptive perspective. Tribal languages reflect unique worldviews shaped by cultural traditions, social structures, and environmental conditions. The study aims to analyze how language and culture interact in tribal communities and how linguistic structures encode cultural meanings. Using a linguacultural approach, the research explores lexical, semantic, and pragmatic features that distinguish tribal languages from standardized languages. The findings show that tribal languages preserve cultural identity through metaphorical expressions, oral traditions, kinship terminology, and nature-based conceptualization. The study concludes that tribal languages serve as both communicative systems and cultural memory carriers
Contemporary Uzbek Modern Literature And The Impact Of Eliot’s Works On It
This article explores the influence of T. S. Eliot on contemporary Uzbek modern literature. The study aims to analyze how Eliot’s poetic techniques, modernist philosophy, and literary innovations have contributed to the development of Uzbek poetic expression and critical thought. Using comparative literary analysis, the research examines intertextual connections, stylistic adaptation, and thematic similarities between Eliot’s works and selected examples of Uzbek modern poetry. The findings indicate that Eliot’s influence is visible in the use of fragmented structure, symbolism, philosophical reflection, and modernist aesthetics in Uzbek literary discourse. The article concludes that Eliot’s works have played an important role in shaping modern literary consciousness in Uzbekistan, particularly in the areas of poetic form and intellectual depth.
The Representation Of Psychological Disorders In The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde
This article examines the representation of psychological disorders in The Picture of Dorian Gray. It aims to analyze key psychological dimensions of the protagonist, including narcissistic traits, moral corruption, and identity fragmentation. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study explores how aesthetic philosophy and the pursuit of eternal youth contribute to Dorian Gray’s psychological transformation. The findings suggest that his obsession with beauty results in progressive moral disengagement and the development of a divided self, symbolized through the contrast between his unchanging appearance and the deteriorating portrait. The study concludes that Wilde’s novel offers a profound psychological insight into the consequences of excessive desire and moral detachment
The Role Of Lexical Stylistic Devices In Creating Poetic Imagery
This article examines the lexical stylistic devices play an essential role in forming the imagery of a poem, functioning as the primary means through which abstract ideas are materialised and emotional experiences are expressed. Imagery in poetry is not merely decorative; it is an integral part of the poem’s semantic and structural organisation. The use of expressive lexical units allows poets to craft vivid pictures that appeal to the reader’s senses, imagination, and intellect. Lexical stylistic devices also contribute to structural cohesion. Imagery created through symbolic or metaphorical vocabulary often recurs throughout the poem, forming thematic unity. Extended metaphors, leitmotifs, and clusters of related symbolic words create semantic coherence and guide the reader’s interpretation.
Social Realism And Historical Context In The Works Of John Steinbeck
Article explores the themes of social realism and historical context in the works of John Steinbeck, a prominent American author of the 20th century. It examines how Steinbeck's writing reflects the social issues and economic challenges faced by individuals and communities during the Great Depression and other significant historical events. Through an analysis of key texts such as "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Of Mice and Men," the article highlights Steinbeck's portrayal of the struggles of marginalized groups, including migrant workers and impoverished families. It also discusses how his characters embody the resilience of the human spirit amidst adversity, showcasing the interconnectedness of individual experiences and broader societal issues. By situating Steinbeck's work within its historical context, the article underscores the relevance of his themes to contemporary social justice movements and the enduring impact of his literary legacy
Main Semantic Peculiarities And Functional Role Of Speaking Verbs In English And Uzbek
The present article investigates the semantic peculiarities of speaking verbs in English and Uzbek and examines their functional role in speech and literary discourse. Speaking verbs constitute an important lexical-semantic group expressing communication, emotional states, speaker attitude, and interpersonal relations. The research aims to analyze the semantic classification, stylistic functions, and linguocultural characteristics of speaking verbs in the two languages. Comparative, semantic, contextual, and functional methods are applied in the study. The analysis demonstrates that speaking verbs in English and Uzbek perform not only nominative functions but also emotional-expressive, evaluative, pragmatic, and text-forming functions. The findings reveal both universal and culturespecific semantic features shaped by communicative traditions and national mentality. The article concludes that speaking verbs occupy an important place in discourse organization and literary characterization in both languages.
Main Differences And Similarities Of The Sentence Stress In English And Uzbek
This article investigates the main differences and similarities of sentence stress in English and Uzbek from phonetic, functional, and communicative perspectives. Sentence stress plays an essential role in oral speech by organizing information, emphasizing semantic importance, and expressing speaker attitude. The purpose of the study is to compare the characteristics, functions, and patterns of sentence stress in English and Uzbek and to identify their common and distinctive features. The research applies comparative, descriptive, phonetic, and functional methods of analysis. The findings demonstrate that sentence stress in both languages contributes to meaning differentiation, emotional expressiveness, and communicative effectiveness. However, significant differences exist in rhythmic organization, intonation patterns, stress placement, and information structure. The article concludes that sentence stress reflects both universal communicative principles and language-specific phonetic traditions.
Main Features Of Speech Acts And Their Place In Modern Linguistics
This article examines the concept of speech acts and their significance in modern linguistics. Speech acts represent one of the central aspects of communication because language is used not only to convey information but also to perform actions such as requesting, apologizing, promising, and advising. The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical foundations, classifications, and communicative functions of speech acts within contemporary linguistic research. The article applies descriptive and analytical methods to investigate how speech acts operate in spoken interaction and how they contribute to pragmatic meaning. The findings demonstrate that speech act theory occupies an important place in modern linguistics due to its connection with pragmatics, discourse analysis, and intercultural communication. The study concludes that speech acts reflect the relationship between language, intention, and social interaction.
Synonymy As An Important Phenomena In Lexical Semantics: Structure, Meaning, And Use
Synonymy is one of the central phenomena studied in lexical semantics because it reveals the complexity and richness of word meaning in language. This article examines the concept of synonymy, its major types, characteristics, and functions in communication. Special attention is paid to the semantic relationships between synonymous words and their role in organizing lexical systems. The study discusses absolute, ideographic, stylistic, and contextual synonyms, emphasizing that complete synonymy is extremely rare in natural languages. The article also explores the significance of synonymy in vocabulary enrichment, stylistic expression, translation, lexicography, and language teaching. Through the analysis of semantic similarity, emotional coloring, and contextual usage, the paper demonstrates that synonymy is an essential component of lexical semantics and an important mechanism of effective communication
Difficulties In Translating Metaphorical And Symbolic Elements In Narratives About Amir Timur
This article examines the key difficulties involved in translating metaphorical and symbolic elements in narratives depicting Amir Timur across English and Russian literary traditions. The study focuses on how culturally embedded metaphors, historical symbolism, and ideologically shaped imagery challenge the achievement of semantic equivalence in translation. Using a comparative literary and discourse-analytical approach, the research analyzes selected texts from both traditions to identify recurring translation problems, including loss of connotation, distortion of symbolic meaning, and shifts in evaluative tone. Special attention is given to the role of cultural context, intertextual references, and translator subjectivity in shaping the reconstructed image of Timur. The findings demonstrate that metaphor and symbolism are not merely linguistic features but carriers of cultural memory and ideological framing. The article proposes context-sensitive translation strategies that preserve both meaning and stylistic nuance in cross-cultural narratives.