Eurasian Journal of History, Geography and Economics
Eurasian Journal of History, Geography and Economics (EJHGE) is an Open Access, Peer Reviewed, International, Refereed, Scientific Journal that publishes original research and review articles related to diverse research in History, Geography and Economics. The main objective of Eurasian Journal of History, Geography and Economics (EJHGE) is to offer an intellectual platform to the international scholars and it aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in areas of History, Geography and Economics. All manuscripts must be prepared in English language and subject to a rigorous peer-review process. The scope of the journal is not limited to- History: Military history, History of religion, Social history, Cultural history, Diplomatic history, Economic history, Environmental history, World history, Universal history, Intellectual history, History of the genre, Public history, etc. Geography: Human Geography, Physical Geography, Regional Geography, Applied Geography, Cartography, Geographic Information Systems, Geographic Education, Historical Geography, History of Geography etc. Economics: Agricultural Economics, Business Economics, Demographic Economics, Development Economics, Econometrics, Economic Systems, Education Economics, Macroeconomics & Microeconomics, Monetary Economics and Banking, Oil & Energy Economics, Political Economics, Public Economics, Urban, Rural & Regional Economics ISSN (E): 2795-7659 Journal Impact Factor: 8.015
Spiritual and Cultural Development of Uzbekistan in the Years of Independence
During the period of independence, fundamental changes took place in the field of culture and art, and the legal framework of the cultural sphere was created. The cultural life of Uzbekistan after independence is one of the main pillars of the country's processes of renewal, self-awareness, national revival and modernization.
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Expansion Of General Education And Growth Of Teaching Staff Competence In The Uzbekistan Ssr (1950–1970)
The article analyzes the processes of expanding the scope of general education and increasing the potential of pedagogical personnel in the Uzbek SSR in the 1950s-1970s. Post-war socio-economic recovery, demographic growth, and the need for qualified personnel of the national economy are considered as the main factors that influenced the development of the education system. The growth of the number of schools and students, the process of implementing compulsory education, and the quantitative and qualitative changes in pedagogical personnel are covered on the basis of statistical data. The general processes in the republic are comparatively concretized with materials from the Kashkadarya region. Also, the material and technical, personnel, and territorial problems that arose in the process of popularizing education are assessed.
Lower Zarafshan Natural Geographical Location
The article highlights the specific geographical position, boundaries, and relief characteristics of the Lower Zarafshan natural geographical region. The Lower Zarafshan covers the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River (the territories of Navoi and Bukhara regions) and is bordered by the Kyzylkum Desert in the north and the Qarnob and Malik deserts in the south. The study analyzes the geoecological condition of the region, its climatic features, surface and groundwater resources, and its role in the formation of desert landscapes. In addition, the strategic-geographical significance of the area located at the junction of the Amu Darya and Zarafshan river basins is revealed.
Turkic Hajibs In The Administrative Hierarchy Of The Samanid State: An Analysis Of Foreign Historiographical Views
This article examines the administrative system of the Samanid state, which ruled Transoxiana and Khorasan in the 9th–10th centuries, with a particular focus on the role of the Turkic hajib institution based on foreign historiographical data. The author analyzes the scholarly works of European, American, and Asian historians to highlight the degree of influence the Turkic military elite exerted on the court administration. The study determines the extent to which this topic has been explored in foreign literature and synthesizes conclusions regarding the significance of Turkic hajibs' activities in ensuring state stability.
Legal Framework For The Regulation Of Microfinance Banks In Uzbekistan And Their Development Prospects
This article examines the legal framework governing the activities of microfinance banks in Uzbekistan, the economic rationale for their establishment, and their future development prospects. It also highlights the role of microfinance banks in promoting financial inclusion and financing small businesses and private entrepreneurship. Based on the findings of the study, the author proposes several scientific recommendations aimed at improving the operations of microfinance banks
Altitudinal Zonation and Geoecological Classification of Mountain Landscapes: A Case Study of the Southwestern Gissar Range
This article provides a scientific analysis of altitudinal zonation of mountain landscapes and their geoecological classification. The study examines the vertical structure of mountain geosystems and the stepwise transformation of landscapes under the influence of climatic and geomorphological factors. It also highlights the formation patterns of landscapes based on soil types, vegetation cover, and ecological conditions specific to each altitudinal belt. In the case of the Southwestern Gissar mountain range, it was established that altitudinal zonation extends from desert zones to the glacial-nival belt, with each stage characterized by specific geoecological features. The interaction of low, middle, and high mountain landscapes, as well as foothill (adir) zones, forms a complex landscape structure of the region. The results of the study are significant for improving the geoecological classification of mountain landscapes, their scientific assessment, and ensuring sustainable use of natural resources
Territorial Features In The Periodic Development Of Labor Resources (On The Example Of The Jizzakh Region Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan)
Labor force utilization is a topic that never loses its relevance in the country's economic and social development and in matters related to the territorial organization of the population. Therefore, among the key indicators of national development, it is necessary to regularly analyze such indicators as employment, unemployment, and job creation for the economically active population. This article presents a periodic comparative analysis of labor force indicators in the Republic of Uzbekistan and examines the issue of labor force utilization in regions with specific characteristics, using the Jizzakh region as an example.
Service Activities Of The Internal Affairs Operaions Employees Of Surxondaryo Region During The Years Of Independence: A Historical And Analytical Study
This article provides a historical and analytical study of the service activities of selected employees who served in the internal affairs bodies of the Surxondaryo Region during the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyzes the professional performance of personnel working in public safety, crime prevention, probation, migration and citizenship registration, countering terrorism and extremism, and operational-search operations. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the training systems and career advancement pathways within the internal affairs bodies
History Of The Organization And Development Of The Training System In Southern Uzbekistan (1952-1990)
This article discusses the history of the establishment and development of one of the most influential intellectual centers in southern Uzbekistan - the Kashkadarya Regional Institute for Advanced Training of Public Education Workers. In particular, the establishment of the educational institution in the city of Karshi, Kashkadarya region during the Soviet era, changes and problems in its life, and the state of its activities are analyzed based on scientific literature and archival sources.
Formation Of Sports Infrastructure In The Southern Regions Of Uzbekistan During The Years Of Independence
Based on archival documents and state reports, this article highlights the reforms implemented in the field of physical culture and sports in the southern regions of Uzbekistan—Surxondaryo and Qashqadaryo regions—during the years of independence. The study analyzes the formation of the material and technical base of the sphere, the construction of modern sports facilities, and the activities of regional branches of the Fund for the Development of Children's Sports of Uzbekistan. Furthermore, the indicators of public involvement in mass sports and the achievements of the oasis athletes in national and international competitions, particularly in kurash, judo, karate, chess, and football, are systematically investigated.
Using Digital Technologies In Implementing The Fundamentals Of Economy
This article analyzes the role of digital economy in Uzbekistan and its impact on the economy. Digital technology and innovations create opportunities to bring the economy of Uzbekistan to a new level, as well as increase production efficiency, improve public management, and strengthen competitiveness. The article explores the importance of existing infrastructure, information technology and public policy for the development of the digital economy. The study analyzed the current state of the Digital Economy, Opportunities and problems in Uzbekistan
Integration Of Digital Transformation, Social Competencies, And Innovative Thinking In The Development Of Accounting And Auditing Systems In New Uzbekistan
This research is devoted to the urgent issues of fundamentally improving the accounting and auditing system in the context of the modernization of the economy of New Uzbekistan. The main objective of the study is to scientifically substantiate the mechanisms for integrating digital technologies, social competencies of specialists, and the paradigm of innovative thinking. The article highlights the influence of digital transformation drivers such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics on audit quality and transparency. Furthermore, the role of soft skills and professional ethics in shaping the profile of the modern auditor is analyzed, and new priorities for human capital development are identified. The author proposes a synergistic development model for the accounting and auditing sector and justifies its practical significance. The conclusions and recommendations developed in the study aim to increase the international competitiveness of financial system specialists and ensure the sustainability of the national economic reporting system.
Geographical features of the Zarafshan Valley's location regarding
The article highlights the paleogeographic features of the Zarafshan Valley, which is part of the territory of Uzbekistan
The Reflection Of The History And Culture Of The Early Aral Sea Saka Tribes In Written And Archaeological Sources
This article provides a systematic analysis of how the history and culture of the early Aral Sea Saka tribes are reflected in ancient written and epigraphic sources. The research comprehensively examines data ranging from the Zoroastrian sacred text, the Avesta, and epic traditions to the cuneiform inscriptions of the Achaemenid dynasty and accounts by classical authors. It elucidates the semantic and etymological genesis of the ethnonym “Sakā”, evaluates long-debated totemic theories in scholarship, and explores the ethno cultural proximity between the Sakas and ancient Khorezmians regarding garments, weaponry, and attributes. Furthermore, through a comparative source analysis, the study evaluates the geopolitical prominence of the Saka communities as a northeastern satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire and examines their role as equal allies in the Greco-Persian Wars and the campaigns of Alexander the Great. By cross-referencing and comparing written records with the archaeological data from the Khorezm ArchaeologicalEthnographic Expedition (KAEE), this study integrates reliable data into a cohesive and objective historical framework.
Social Changes In Agriculture In Kaskadarya Region At The Beginning Of The 20th Century
This article examines the social and economic reforms implemented by the central government in the rural areas of Kashkadarya region. The study analyzes the impact of the policy of kulakization and collectivization on the lives of the population, the conflicts between social strata, and how they were reflected in the local way of life. It also highlights the social relations and ideas that emerged in the minds of the population as a result of such processes as the reduction of individual peasant farms, the distribution of large landowners and private land. The content of the study is aimed at analyzing the complex impact of socio-economic changes on rural life from a scientific perspective.
Ismail Gasprali's Jadidic Ideas And Its Influence On The Lives Of Turkic And Muslim Peoples
This article analyzes the ideas and goals of the Jadid movement, its strategic mission, and its impact on world civilization, particularly the lives of Turkic Muslim peoples, based on sources from that period. It examines the fact that Jadidism was a unique phenomenal phenomenon.
Socio-Economic Development Processes And Institutional Transformations In Karshi District (A Case Study Of 2005–2025)
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic and institutional development processes in Karshi District of Kashkadarya region during the period 2005– 2025. The study examines the gradual diversification of the regional economy from an agrarian orientation, the development of industrial and service sectors, the modernization of infrastructure, and the institutional reforms implemented in the governance system. It also highlights the impact of state programs carried out within the framework of the “New Uzbekistan” reforms on district development, as well as the importance of the cluster system, digitalization processes, and investment policy. As a result of the study, the transition of Karshi District to a modern multi-sectoral economy is scientifically generalized, and conclusions regarding its future development trends are formulated
Analysis Of The Financial Situation Of Energy Enterprises
This article assesses the periodic changes in key indicators and their expectations based on financial reporting data of the “Uztransgaz” organization, an important link in the energy system.
The System Of Training Foreign Personnel At The Academy Of The Ministry Of Internal Affairs Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
This article analyzes the role and importance of training foreign personnel within the educational system of internal affairs bodies, its main directions, and the specific characteristics of this process, using the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a case study. The article examines the legal and regulatory framework for international cooperation, current educational programs, their effectiveness, and existing shortcomings. Furthermore, it provides practical recommendations for the further improvement of this field
Traditions And Historical Development Of Folk Crafts In Uzbekistan (On The Example Of Khorezm)
Folk crafts represent one of the most ancient forms of human economic and cultural activity. They emerged as a result of the production activities of early societies and gradually separated from agriculture and animal husbandry in the process of social development. Over time, crafts developed in close connection with technological progress, natural resources, and the division of labor, forming numerous specialized branches such as pottery, carpentry, blacksmithing, metalworking, jewelry making, embroidery, leatherworking, weaving, and wood carving. This article analyzes the historical development of crafts in Uzbekistan, particularly in the Khorezm oasis, from ancient times to the present day. Special attention is paid to the influence of historical processes, natural conditions, and cultural traditions on the formation of craft practices. The study also examines the role of the Silk Road in the spread of craft products, the impact of political changes and conquests on craft development, and the revival of traditional crafts during the years of Uzbekistan’s independence. The research concludes that folk crafts constitute an important element of national cultural heritage and play a significant role in preserving traditional knowledge, supporting local economies, and promoting cultural tourism
Cultural Diplomacy And Tourism Growth: The Case Of Uzbekistan And Germany
This article analyzes the development of public diplomacy and tourism cooperation between Uzbekistan and Germany. It reveals the role of public diplomacy in strengthening mutual trust between nations. Tourism sector reforms and their economic effectiveness are examined. The impact of the pandemic on tourism and its recovery stages are discussed. Uzbekistan’s position in the global tourism market is justified with statistical data. The paper also proposes перспективные directions for further tourism development.
Political Transformation, Ethnic Composition And Socio-Military Processes In The Khiva Khanate (18th–19th Centuries)
This article examines the political transformations, ethnic composition, and sociomilitary developments in the Khiva Khanate from the second half of the 18th century to the late 19th century. Special attention is given to the rise of the Qongirat dynasty, the weakening of central authority, and the role of tribal elites in shaping the political system. The study analyzes the increasing importance of Turkmen tribes as a military and political force, as well as their complex relationship with the khanate authorities. Furthermore, the article explores the processes of population resettlement, the expansion of slave trade, and the impact of Russian imperial expansion on the region. The research also highlights the regional differences in ethnic composition between southern agricultural areas and the Aral Sea region, as well as the historical formation of the Uzbek ethnonym.
Population Growth In Turkestan And Its Factors
This study examines population growth in Turkestan and the key factors influencing it. It analyzes demographic trends, including birth rates, death rates, and migration processes, while also considering the impact of economic development, social conditions, healthcare improvements, and environmental factors. The research highlights how historical and modern influences have shaped population dynamics in the region. Furthermore, it explores challenges related to rapid population growth and suggests possible strategies for sustainable development.
The Impact Of Gender Equality Policies On Socio-Economic Transformations (On The Example Of Uzbekistan)
This study examines the impact of gender equality policy on socio-economic transformations, using Uzbekistan as a case study. It analyzes how state policies aimed at ensuring gender equality influence economic development, labor market participation, education access, and social welfare. The research also explores institutional reforms, legal frameworks, and social programs implemented to reduce gender disparities. Particular attention is given to the relationship between gender equality and sustainable development, as well as the challenges faced in the practical implementation of gender policies. The findings highlight that gender equality is a key factor in achieving inclusive socio-economic growth and improving overall societal well-being.
Classification, Functions, And Symbolic Meanings Of Traditional Khorezm Clothing In The Collections Of The Ichan Kala Museum-Reserve
This article presents an ethnographic analysis of traditional Khorezm clothing preserved in the collections of the Ichon-Qal’a State Museum-Reserve. The study examines the structural features of clothing, its social and functional roles, and symbolic meanings. The analysis reveals how clothing reflects age, gender, social status, and ceremonial practices in Khorezm society. The relevance of the study lies in the importance of preserving traditional cultural heritage and the scientific analysis of museum collections. The findings have both scientific and practical significance for Khorezm ethnography, museology, and the study of the history of national costume.
Directions For Increasing The Investment Activity Of Joint-Stock Companies In The Context Of Economic Reforms
This study examines the directions for increasing the investment activity of jointstock companies in the context of economic reforms. It focuses on the role of financial markets, institutional investors, and corporate governance in enhancing investment performance. The research highlights that effective economic reforms, including market liberalization and improved regulatory frameworks, create favorable conditions for investment growth. The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach combining financial, institutional, and managerial factors is essential for strengthening investment activity and ensuring sustainable economic development
Improving The Mechanism Of Real Estate Taxation In Expanding The Revenue Base Of Local Budgets
This article analyzes the issues of improving the property taxation mechanism in expanding the revenue base of local budgets. The study examines existing problems in the current taxation system, including shortcomings in property registration, valuation methods, and tax administration. It also highlights the role of property taxes in ensuring the financial sustainability of local budgets. Based on the research findings, scientifically grounded recommendations are proposed to expand the tax base, implement digital technologies, develop market-based valuation approaches, and improve tax administration mechanisms.
AI-Powered Chatbots In Tourism Service Management: Enhancing The Efficiency Of Tourism Services In Uzbekistan
The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed the tourism industry, leading to the emergence of innovative service management approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies play a crucial role in improving operational efficiency, customer interaction, and service personalization within tourism organizations. Among various AI applications, chatbots have become an effective tool for enhancing communication between tourism service providers and tourists. This study examines the role of AI-powered chatbots in tourism service management and their potential contribution to improving the efficiency of tourism services in Uzbekistan. The research analyzes the main advantages of chatbot technologies, including real-time customer interaction, automated service processes, cost reduction, and improved service quality. The study also explores international experiences of implementing chatbot technologies in tourism services and evaluates their applicability in the context of Uzbekistan’s tourism sector. The findings indicate that AI-powered chatbots can significantly improve tourism service efficiency by reducing response time, increasing customer satisfaction, and optimizing operational processes. The study concludes that the integration of chatbot technologies into tourism service systems can support digital transformation and enhance the competitiveness of tourism services in Uzbekistan.
Measuring Risk-Sharing Finance: Evidence From Uzbekistan And Islamic Banking Practices
This study examines the extent of risk-sharing finance in Islamic banking by analyzing the composition of bank assets and constructing a Risk-Sharing Finance Friendliness Index (RSFFI) for Uzbekistan. The findings reveal that risk-sharing instruments constitute a very small share of total Islamic banking assets across countries, with risk-shifting, debtlike instruments dominating in practice. Even in leading countries, the adoption of profitand-loss sharing mechanisms remains limited. The RSFFI results indicate that Uzbekistan has a below-average level of readiness, primarily constrained by underdeveloped financial markets despite relatively stronger institutional and legal conditions. These results highlight the importance of financial sector development and institutional strengthening to promote risk-sharing finance.